general refs on terrorism
| terrorism defined
glossaries, acronyms, and dictionaries
books
| rand reports
| handbooks & guides
reports & commissions
| gao reports
| crs reports
speeches
| journals
| bibliographies
| maps
see also education
see also theory and research
see also media and terrorism, including coverage issues
see also Air War College Gateway to References
see also September 11, 2001 References
All that is necessary for the triumph of evil is that good men do nothing.
--- Edmund Burke
- General Reference ___[return to top]
- Terrorism Defined ___[return to top]
- Glossary of Terrorism Terms
- U.S. Code: Title 18, Part I, Chapter 113b, Sec. 2331
- As used in this chapter - the term ''international terrorism'' means activities that - involve violent acts or acts dangerous to human life that are a violation of the criminal laws of the United States or of any State, or that would be a criminal violation if committed within the jurisdiction of the United States or of any State;
appear to be intended - to intimidate or coerce a civilian population; to influence the policy of a government by intimidation or coercion; or to affect the conduct of a government by mass destruction, assassination, or kidnapping; and occur primarily outside the territorial jurisdiction of the United States, or transcend national boundaries in terms of the means by which they are accomplished, the persons they appear intended to intimidate or coerce, or the locale in which their perpetrators operate or seek asylum;
- the term ''national of the United States'' has the meaning given such term in section 101(a)(22) of the Immigration and Nationality Act;
- the term ''person'' means any individual or entity capable of holding a legal or beneficial interest in property;
- the term ''act of war'' means any act occurring in the course of - declared war; armed conflict, whether or not war has been declared, between two or more nations; or armed conflict between military forces of any origin; and
- the term ''domestic terrorism'' means activities that - involve acts dangerous to human life that are a violation of the criminal laws of the United States or of any State; appear to be intended - to intimidate or coerce a civilian population; to influence the policy of a government by intimidation or coercion; or to affect the conduct of a government by mass destruction, assassination, or kidnapping; and occur primarily within the territorial jurisdiction of the United States
- US Code: Title 18, Part I, Chapter 113b, Sec. 2332b. Acts of terrorism transcending national boundaries -- with prohibited acts, jurisdiction, proof requirements, penalties, and investigative authority
- DoD Dictionary
- terrorism - (DOD) The calculated use of unlawful violence or threat of unlawful violence to inculcate fear; intended to coerce or to intimidate governments or societies in the pursuit of goals that are generally political, religious, or ideological. See also antiterrorism; combatting terrorism; counterterrorism; force protection condition; terrorist; terrorist groups.
- terrorist groups - (DOD) Any element, regardless of size or espoused cause, that commits acts of violence or threatens violence in pursuit of its political, religious, or ideological objectives.
- terrorist threat level - (DOD) An intelligence threat assessment of the level of terrorist threat faced by US personnel and interests in a foreign country. The assessment is based on a continuous intelligence analysis of a minimum of five elements: terrorist group existence, capability, history, trends, and targeting. There are five threat levels: NEGLIGIBLE, LOW, MEDIUM, HIGH, and CRITICAL. Threat levels should not be confused with force protection conditions (FPCONs). Threat level assessments are provided to senior leaders to assist them in determining the appropriate local FPCON. (Department of State also makes threat assessments, which may differ from those determined by Department of Defense.)
- International and Domestic Terrorism - FBI definitions
- Terrorism is defined as violent or criminal acts against a civilian population for the purpose of coercion, and promoting a political cause or agenda. When those crimes occur within the United States, and are perpetrated by an individual or group associated with a domestic cause, they are defined as domestic terrorism. When they are perpetrated by an individual or group from outside the U.S., then it is defined as international terrorism. Also, beginning 1986 it has been a violation of federal law for any group or individual to commit an act of terrorism against U.S. interests or U.S. citizens even in a foreign country.
- Glossaries, Acronyms, and Dictionaries ___[return to top]
- Online Books ___[return to top]
- A Military Guide to Terrorism in the Twenty-First Century (local copy), from U.S. Army Training and Doctrine Command
- al-Qaeda communications
- The Management of Savagery: The Most Critical Stage Through Which the Umma Will Pass, by Abu Bakr Naji, translated by William McCants - "Translation of Major al-Qaeda Book that Outlines Its Plan for Defeating U.S. and Its Allies"
- The Olin Institute, in collaboration with West Point’s Combating Terrorism Center, is making this translation available online for free. Writing as a high-level insider, Naji explains how al-Qaeda plans to defeat the U.S. and its allies in the Middle East, establish sanctuaries for Jihadis, correct organizational problems, and create better propaganda. It is essential reading for anyone who wants to understand the strategic thinking of al-Qaeda’s leadership and the future of the jihadi movement.
- DoJ posted copy of Al Qaeda training manual (local copy)
- The War Next Time: Countering Rogue States and Terrorists Armed with Chemical and Biological Weapons, Schneider and Davis, Editors, USAF Counterproliferation Center
- The Homeland Security Papers: Stemming the Tide of Terror, Ritz, Hensley, and Whitmire, Editors, USAF Counterproliferation Center
- Know Thy Enemy: Profiles of Adversary Leaders and Their Strategic Cultures, Schneider and Post, Editors, USAF Counterproliferation Center
- The Gathering Biological Warfare Storm, Davis and Schneider, Editors, USAF Counterproliferation Center
- The Terrorism Threat and U.S. Government Response: Operational and Organizational Factors (local copy), Smith and Thomas, Editors, USAFA, INSS, 2001
- See Terrorism and Security Collection - bunch of online books from the National Academies - touching on security issues for bioterrorism, airline safety, agroterrorism, explosives, and more
- See Air University Press - do a search (Ctrl-F) for terror, or browse for titles which are about terrorism-related topics, but don't use the word terror in the title
- RAND reports ___[return to top]
- Beyond al-Qaeda, Part 1, The Global Jihadist Movement, by Rabasa et al, RAND report, 2006
- They [authors] conclude by setting out a four-pronged strategy against terrorist groups: Attack the ideological underpinnings of global jihadism; seek to sever the links — ideological and otherwise — between local and global jihadists; deny sanctuaries to terrorists; and strengthen the capabilities of front-line states to counter local terrorist threats.
- Beyond al-Qaeda, Part 2, The Outer Rings of the Terrorist Universe, by Rabasa et al, RAND report, 2006
- Unconquerable Nation: Knowing Our Enemy, Strengthening Ourselves, by Jenkins, RAND report, 2006
- Aptitude for Destruction, Volume 1 - Organizational Learning in Terrorist Groups and Its Implications for Combating Terrorism
, by Jackson et al, RAND report, 2005
- Out of the Ordinary - Finding Hidden Threats by Analyzing Unusual Behavior, RAND report, 2004
- Confronting the “Enemy Within”: Security Intelligence, the Police, and Counterterrorism in Four Democracies, RAND report, 2004
- Mapping the Risks: Assessing the Homeland Security Implications of Publicly Available Geospatial Information, RAND report, 2004 - includes chapter on "What Are the Attackers’ Key Information Needs?"
- Civil Democratic Islam: Partners, Resources, and Strategies, RAND report, 2003 - includes proposed strategy and a case study
- The Counterterror Coalitions: Cooperation with Europe, NATO, and the European Union, RAND report, 2003
- Military Operations Against Terrorist Groups Abroad: Implications for the United States Air Force, RAND report, 2003
- The Global War on Terrorism: An Early Look at Implications for the U.S. Army
, RAND report, 2003
- New Challenges, New Tools for Defense Decisionmaking
, RAND report, 2003
- Countering the New Terrorism, RAND report
- Countering al Qaeda: An Appreciation of the Situation and Suggestions for Strategy, RAND report
- Terrorism and Asymmetic Conflict in Southwest Asia, RAND report
- Networks and Netwars: The Future of Terror, Crime, and Militancy, RAND report
- Individual Preparedness Response to Chemical, Radiological, Nuclear, and Biological Terrorist Attacks, RAND report
- Terrorism & Development: Using Social and Economic Development to Inhibit a Resurgence of Terrorism, RAND report
- Deterrence and Influence in Counterterrorism: A Component in the War on al Qaeda, RAND report
- RAND Review, Summer 2002, dedicated to articles about terrorism, protecting infrastructure, using social tools to combat terrorism, and other related topics
- RAND Terrorism Policy Resources
- Other terrorism related RAND publications
- Handbooks and Guides ___[return to top]
- Reports and Commissions ___[return to top]
- See also State Department reports on terrorism
- on Air War College Gateway to Intelligence page
- Declassified Key Judgments of the National Intelligence Estimate "Trends in Global Terrorism: Implications for the United States" dated April 2006 (local copy)
- National Commission on Terrorist Attacks Upon the United States (also known as the 9-11 Commission),
- an independent, bipartisan commission created by congressional legislation and the signature of President George W. Bush in late 2002, is chartered to prepare a full and complete account of the circumstances surrounding the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks, including preparedness for and the immediate response to the attacks. The Commission is also mandated to provide recommendations designed to guard against future attacks.
- Terrorism Information Awareness Program (local copy), DoD Inspector General audit of the program, December 2003
- Progress Report on the Global War on Terrorism, Sep 2003, from the White House
(local copy of PDF version)
- The Global War on Terrorism: The First 100 Days (local copy), December 2001
- Sep 2003 Report to Congress
on Combating Terrorism (local copy), Office of Management and Budget (OMB)
- June 2002 Report to Congress
on Combating Terrorism (local copy), Office of Management and Budget (OMB)
- Aug 2001 Report to Congress
on Combating Terrorism (local copy), Office of Management and Budget (OMB)
- Regional Demographics and the War on Terrorism, RAND reprint of Feb 2003 RUSI Journal article
- Findings of the Joint Inquiry into the Terrorist Attacks of September 11, 2001 (HTML) (local copy) (PDF)
- Recommendation of the Final Report of the Joint Inquiry into the Terrorist Attacks of September 11, 2001 (HTML) (local copy) (PDF)
- Gilmore Commission, also known as the Advisory Panel to Assess Domestic Response Capabilities for Terrorism Involving Weapons of Mass Destruction
- Countering the Changing Threat of International Terrorism (local copy), 5 Jun 2000 report by the National Commission on Terrorism (also known as the Bremer Commission)
- Terrorism in the United States, annual FBI report from 1995 to 2001
- Political Violence Against Americans, "produced by the Bureau of Diplomatic Security's Office of Intelligence and Threat Analysis (DS/DSS/ITA) to provide readers with a comprehensive picture of the broad spectrum of political violence that American citizens and interests have encountered abroad on an annual basis."
- General Accounting Office (GAO) ___[return to top]
- GAO Reports on Terrorism - some are not available online, for security reasons
- GAO Reports on Bioterrorism
- Bioterrorism: Preparedness Varied across State and Local Jurisdictions, Apr 2003 GAO report
- Combating Terrorism: Federal Agencies Face Continuing Challenges in Addressing Terrorist Financing and Money Laundering, GAO report, Mar 2004
- Combating Terrorism: Evaluations of Selected Characteristics in National Strategies Related to Terrorism, GAO report, Feb 2004
- Combating Terrorism: Observations on National Strategies Related to Terrorism, GAO report, Mar 2003
- Combating Terrorism:
Interagency Framework and Agency Programs to Address the Overseas Threat, GAO report, May 2003
- Combating Terrorism: Actions Needed to Guide Services’ Antiterrorism Efforts at Installations, GAO report, Nov 2002
- Combating Terrorism: Department of State Programs to Combat Terrorism Abroad, GAO report, Sep 2002
- Combating Terrorism: Comments on
Counterterrorism Leadership and National Strategy, GAO report, Mar 2001
- Congressional Research Service (CRS) ___[return to top]
- Congressional Research Service (CRS) reports by topic - terrorism, homeland security, etc. - including the following
- The USA PATRIOT Act: A Sketch, 5 pages
- Terrorism: Section by Section Analysis of the USA PATRIOT Act, 62 page overview in a Congressional Research Service report, 10 Dec 2001 - includes (section 104) expansion of exception to Posse Comitatus Act
- Terrorism and the Law of War: Trying Terrorists as War Criminals before Military Commissions, 51 page overview in a Congressional Research Service report, 11 Dec 2001
- Trying Terrorists as War Criminals, 6 page summary in a Congressional Research Service report, 29 Oct 2001
- Response to Terrorism: Legal Aspects of the Use of Military Force, 2 page summary in a Congressional Research Service report, 13 Sep 2001
- Terrorism, the Media, and the Government: Perspectives, Trends, and Options for Policymakers (local copy), by Perl, for Congressional Research Service -- including discussion of what each party hopes to get out of press coverage of terrorism
- Speeches ___[return to top]
- Journals ___[return to top]
- Bibliographies ___[return to top]
- Terrorism bibliography, Naval Postgraduate School
- Library of Congress Portals to the World - Terrorism
- America's War against Terrorism, U. of Mich. Documents Center
- Library on Terrorism, National Memorial Institution for the Prevention of Terrorism (MIPT)
- MIPT Terrorism Bibliography
- Annotated Bibliography of Government Documents Related to the Threat of Terrorism & the Attacks of September 11, 2001, Oklahoma Dept of Libraries
- Air University Library bibliography list, a whole passel of 'em, including
- Terrorism
- Operation Enduring Freedom (OEF), AU Library bibliography
- Afghanistan, AU Library bibliography
- Iraq Crisis, AU Library bibliography
- Force Protection, AU Library bibliography
- Terrorism Today, AU Library bibliography
- Terrorism: The Threat and Post 9/11 Trends, AU Library bibliography
- Islamic Activism, AU Library bibliography
- Terrorist and Insurgent Organizations, AU Library bibliography
- Narco-Terrorism, AU Library bibliography
- Role of Airpower in Terrorist Reprisals, AU Library bibliography
- Chemical, Biological, and Nuclear Terrorism/Warfare : A Bibliography, Naval Postgraduate School
- Maps ___[return to top]
- Afghan maps, posted by GlobalSecurity.org, including military, terrorist, ethnic, and terrain features
- Afghanistan terrain map
- maps in the news - Air University Library links
- Afghan refugee map, from CNN
- Dec 1999 images of one of bin Laden's camps, showing tunnel entrances, weapons, paths, access routes, etc.
- CIA World Factbook, map and info on each country
- The Perry-Castañeda Library Map Collection, U. of Texas -- this opening page usually has current event maps and diagrams pertaining to events in the news, such as maps of attacks against the Taliban and al-Qaida
- more maps of attacks against the Taliban and al-Qaida
- Maps of the World,U. of Texas at Austin
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